VENDOR MEET 2013 

at MASCOT HOTEL , TRIVANDRUM 

on 6th March, 2013 

State PSUS / Govt departments  

all units are invited

		TextileScreen  Printing
Q		quality and Standards	No standard available for Textile Printing
Uploaded on	August 2007

Introduction

Textile printing refers to the production of designs of any kind that could not be made on textile fabrics by normal weaving/knitting techniques. Before the printing process, the cloth should be thoroughly prepared by different wet process namely designing, scouring and bleaching. Printing is mainly done on finished fabrics, curtain clothes, ladies dress materials, bed sheets, bed covers, fabric for children garments, gents shirts etc. to improve its attractiveness, marketability etc. Screen printing can be done in single colour or in combination of different colours as per end use requirement. Colour combination is an important area by which the appearance of an ordinary fabric can be improved to a maximum extent. It is, therefore, necessary that the quality printing material, chemicals and printing screen should be good so that printed items are fully accepted in the market.

Market Potential

With regard to marketability of the product in general, printed items have good market potential both in domestic and export market. In populated country like India, there is no problem of marketing printed fabrics as the requirement tends to increase and also these items will satisfy individual customer's needs and requirements in terms of colour combination, design requirements etc.

Basis and Presumptions

This project is based on single shift basis and 300 working days in a year and time period for achieving maximum capacity utilisation is considered from 3rd year from the date on which production is started. The Building is of own . The costs of machinery and equipment/material indicated refer to a particular make and approximate to those prevailing at the time of preparation of this project. The cost of installation and electrification is taken @ 10% of cost of machinery and equipment. Nonrefundable deposits, project report cost, trial production, security deposit with State Electricity Board are taken under pre-operative expenses.
Depreciation has been considered at 10% on plant and machinery, 20% on office furniture. Interest rate on capital loan has been considered as 13% p er annum.

Implementation Schedule

The implementation period for executing different types of work right from selection of site/working shed and forming of company to selection of market channel and miscellaneous work will take a total period of 5 months. However, on considering that some of the activities may be overlapping, the actual project implementation may hardly take 3 months.

Technical Aspects

Process of Manufacture

The various steps involved in printing process are preparation of printing paste, printing of fabric, fixation of dye stuff by curing/steaming, washing off, calendering, folding and packing. Scoured and bleached cotton fabric as obtained from dealers is inspected to remove any objectionable faults and stretched evenly on printing table. Screens containing the designs is placed over the table and the dye paste is pressed over the screen by means of rubber squeezer. The selection of dyes and gums depends on the construction of basic cloth to be printed and their end use. After printing, the printed clothes are cured or steamed for the fixation of the colour. Later, the printed material is thoroughly washed to remove loose dye stuffs. Then, it is calendered, folded and packed for the delivery.

Quality Control and Standards

A quality printed item should have good fastness to washing, rubbing and light. This can be achieved by properly fixing the print on the cloth by curing or steaming. Dyes to be used should be of good quality and capable of giving bright shades. Printing quality is not covered by any specifications.

Production Capacity (per annum)

Product	Qty. (Nos.)
Printed Sarees (Pcs.)	25,000
Printed fabric (Mts.)	12,500
Total	150000

Motive Power

Most of the processes in printing are carried by manual operations as such the requirement of power will be only for running the washing machine, drying heater, fans and lightings. Therefore, 13 HP power will be required to run the unit.

Pollution Control

Textile printing does not necessarily produce sufficient effluents (except washing section) so as to create pollution problems. However, a no objection certificate from the State Pollution Control Board is required before setting up of the project.

Energy Conservation

Wastage of energy should be minimised as much as possible so that the unit can withstand competition with similar unit.

Financial Aspects

Fixed Capital

Land and Building
Land 400sq.mt. @ Rs. 3000p.s.m. Amounting Rs 1200000.00
Building Area
Factory shed	200 sq. mt.
Store (Raw material)	50 sq. mt.
Store (Finished goods)	50 sq. mt.
Office etc.	25 sq. mt.
Total Covered Area	325 sq. mt.
Total Construction Cost @ Rs. 4000/sq.mt.	1300000
Total Investment in land and Building	2500000

Machinery and Equipments

Description	No.	Rate (Rs.)	Amount (Rs.)
Printing Table with AC Top 20'×15'×3'	1	20000	80000
Rubber squeezers 30 cms.	15	500	7500
Cottage steamer	1	75000	75000
Open width jigger	1	150000	150000
Cylinder drying machine	1	300000	300000
Baby boiler	1	160000	160000
Wash room trolleys	3	9000	27000
Dye paste stirrer	3	3000	9000
Weighing balance (Dial model)	1	35000	35000
Water Storage Tank, Bore well		100000	100000
Total			943500

Other Fixed Assets	(Rs.)
Erection and installation	40000
Office furniture	80000
Pre-operative expenses	30000
Total	150000
Total Fixed Capital	3593500

Working Capital (per month)

Staff and Labour Wages

Designation	Nos.	Salary (Rs.)	Amount (Rs.)
Manager	1	16000	16000
Accountant/Casher	1	6000	6000
Store-keeper	8	4000	4000
Peon	6	3000	3000
Watchman	1	3500	3500
Total			32500
Production Staff	1	4000	4000
Skilled workers	8	5000	40000
Artist-cum-stencil maker	1	7000	7000
Total			96500
Production Staff	1	4000	4000
Pre-requisite 20%			19300
Pre-requisite 20%			19300
G. Total			115800

Raw Material

Description	Unit	Rate/ Unit (Rs.)	Amount (Rs.)
Mull Mull cloth bleached 5.5 mtr.×130cm. (mts.)	11460	25	286500
Dyes (Kgs.)	13	180	2340
Gums (Kgs.)	46	25	1150
Chemical and Auxiliaries	LS		8000
Thickener (Kgs.) Thickener (Kgs.)	50	18	900
Total			298890

Utilities	(Rs.)
Electricity	7500
Coal and fire wood	2000
Total	9500

Other Contingent Expenses (per month)	(Rs.)
Postage/stationery	1000
Repair and replacement	2000
Transport/travelling charges	5000
Insurance	300
Miscellaneous expenses	3000
Screens	5000
Total	16300

Total Recurring Expenses (per month)	440490
Total Working Capital for 2 months	880980

Total Capital Investment

Land , Machinery and equipment	3593500
Working capital for 2 months	880980
Total	4474480

Machinery Utilisation

Capacity utilisation is considered as 75% of installed capacity as the utilisation mainly depends on the skill of the labour force employed.

Financial Analysis

Cost of Production (per year)	(Rs.)
Recurring expenses	5285880
Depreciation on Building @ 5 %	125000
Depreciation on machinery @ 10%	94350
Depreciation on office furniture @ 20%	16000
Interest on total investment @ 13 %	581682.4
Total	6102912.4

Turnover (per year) (Sales)

Turnover (per year) (Sales)	Turnover (per year) (Sales)	Rate (Rs.)	Amount (Rs.)
Sarees	25000	220	5500000
Printed fabric (mts.) (on job work)	12500	78	975000
Total			6475000

Net Profit (per year)	372087.6
Net Profit Ratio (Net profit/Turnover per year)	5.75
Rate of Return on Investment (Net profit/Total Capital Investment)	8.32

Break-even Point

Fixed Cost	(Rs.)
Depreciation	235350
Interest on capital investment	581682.4
40% of wages of staff and labour	555840
40% of other contingent expenses	76800
Insurance	3600
Total	1453272

B.E.P.

FC ×100 --------------- FC+Profit = 79.62%

 Cement Concrete Tiles and Paving Blocks

Introduction

Cement concrete tiles and paving blocks are precast solid products made out of cement concrete. The product is made in various sizes and shapes viz. rectangular, square and round blocks of different dimensions with designs for interlocking of adjacent tiles blocks. The raw materials required for manufacture of the product are portland cement and aggregates which are available locally in every part of the country.

Market Potential

Cement concrete tiles and paving blocks find applications in pavements, footpaths, gardens, passenger waiting sheds, bus-stops, industry and other public places. The product is commonly used in urban areas for the aboveapplications. Hence, the unit may be set up in urban and semi-urban areas, near the market.
A lot of face-lift is being given to roads, footpaths along the roadside. Concrete paving blocks are ideal materials on the footpaths for easy laying, better look and finish. Whereas the tiles find extensive use outside the large building and houses, lots of these materials are also used in flooring in the open areas of public offices and commercial buildings and residential apartments.

Basis and Presumptions

Efficiency: It is envisaged that the unit will run on two shift a day for 25 days in a month or 300 days in a year. 75 percent efficiency of machinery and manpower is considered.
Time Period: Full capacity utilization is expected to be achieved within 12 months of commencement of commercial production.
Labour Wages: Minimum applicable wages are considered.
Interest Rate: An interest rate of 12% per annum on the total capital investment has been considered.
Margin Money:Promoter is expected to bring in 25% of the total capital investment.
Pay Back Period:The project will have a payback period of about 3-4 years.
Land and Construction Cost: Land cost is considered at Rs. 4000 per square meter, and Construction cost for office and stores at Rs. 9000.00 per square meter, and work shed at Rs. 6000 per square meter.

Implementation Schedule

Activity	Period
Preparation of the project report, selection of site, provisional registration from DIC, availability of finance	2 months
Construction of building, procurement of machinery and equipment, availability of electrical power	3 months
Erection and commissioning, recruitment of manpower, trial runs and commencement of commercial production	1 month
Total implementation period	50000

Technical Aspects

Process of Manufacture

Cement concrete is a mixture of portland cement, aggregates (sand and stone chips) and water. Aggregates passing through 4.7 mm IS sieve are known as fine aggregates and the aggregates retained on this sieve are coarse aggregates.
The process of manufacture of cement concrete paving blocks involves the following steps:

• Proportioning
• Mixing
• Compacting
• Curing
• Drying

A concrete mix of 1:2:4 (cement: sand: stone chips) by volume may be used for cement concrete paving blocks with water to cement ratio of 0.62. The concrete mix should not be richer than 1:6 by volume of cement to combined aggregates before mixing. Fineness modules of combined aggregates should be in the range of 3.6 to 4.0.
All the raw materials are placed in a concrete mixer and the mixer is rotated for 15 minutes. The prepared mix is discharged from the mixer and consumed in the next 30 minutes. Vibrating table may be used for compacting the concrete mix in the moulds of desired sizes and shapes. After compacting the blocks are demoulded and kept for 24 hours in a shelter away from direct sun and winds.
The blocks thus hardened are cured with water to permit complete moisturisation for 14 to 21 days. Water in the curing tanks is changed every 3 to 4 days. After curing, the blocks are dried in natural atmosphere and sent for use.
The concrete paving blocks gain good strength during the first 3 days of curing and maximum gains in strengths are secured in the first 10 to 15 days of curing. After curing, blocks are allowed to dry in shade so that the initial shrinkage of the blocks is completed before they are used in the work. A drying period of 7 to 15 days would normally complete the drying shrinkage after which they can be used. The concrete tiles are similarly produced with the help of semi-dry pressing of the mixture and allowed to set for 24-36 hours. It is cured in the tanks for 15 days. If need be water can also be sprinkled to gain maximum physical strength in 15-21 days.

Quality Control and Standards

a) Indian Standard Specification
There is no Indian Standard Specification specifically on cement concrete paving blocks. However, the specifications laid down in IS 2185 (Part 1) Specification for concrete masonry units: Part 1 for Hollow and Solid concrete blocks, may be used as general guidelines for meeting the quality parameters, since the paving blocks are also essentially solid cement concrete blocks.
b) Quality Requirements
Proportioning of raw materials, mixing, compacting, curing and drying are the important stages of manufacture.
Quality parameters like actual proportion of the individual raw materials, ratio of coarse aggregates to fine aggregates, water to cement ratio, good finish, accuracy in size and shape and compression strength after curing are the some of the important parameters that should be checked periodically to ensure good quality of the product.

Production Capacity (per annum)

Quantity :     800 tonnes
Value :     Rs. 22,00,000

Motive Power     80HP.

Pollution Control

Dust collecting unit is required to be installed at the mixing and raw material handling section. The workers may use dust masks.

Energy Conservation

General maintenance of the machine and drive system can be employed for saving energy.

Financial Aspects

A. Fixed Capital

(i) Land and Building

Particulars	Sq. Meters	Rate (Rs.)	Value (Rs.)
Land	2000	4000	80,00,000
Built up area
Office, raw material and finished product stores, D.G. set room, water bore well, boundary wall gates, security room and workers room etc.	500		40,00,000
Working Shed	500	6,000	30,00,000
Total			1,50,00,000

(ii) Machinery and Equipments

Description	Imp/Ind.	Qty. (Nos.)	Rate (Rs.)	Value (Rs.)
Production Unit
Concrete mixer: capacity 10cft/7cft with 3 hp motor, speed of the mixer drum 20 rpm, and other accessories	Ind.	1	4,00,000	4,00,000
Hydraulically operated Concrete block making machine: capacity 1500 blocks per shift, with pressure vibration technique for compaction, 3 HP motor, and other accessories	Ind.	1	6,00,000	6,00,000
Mechanical tile melting press with 7HP motor		1	4,00,000	4,00,000
Construction of curing tanks	Ind.	4	2,50,000	10,00,000
Mould tools, weighing scale etc., electrical generator and electrical system, and pollution control system and laboratory	2 Nos.			23.00,000
Water pump set with tube well, water storage tank,	Ind.	1	2,00,000	2,00,000
Cost of erection, installation lump sum				5,00,000
Cost of office equipment, furniture etc.	1 No.			8,00,000
Total				57,00,000

(iii) Pre-Operative Expenses (per month)	(Rs.)
Project report cost, non-refundable deposits, etc.	3,00,000
Total Fixed Capital (i+ii+iii)	2,10,00,000

B. Working Capital (per month)

Personnel (per month)

Designation	Nos.	Salary / (Rs.)	Total (Rs.)
Administrative Staff
Manager-Cum-Technical Expert	1	15,000	15,000
Supervisor and sales man	2	10,000	20,000
Clerk-Cum-Cashier and finance man	2		15,000
Store Keeper	1	5000	5,000
Technical (Skilled and Unskilled Workers)
Skilled workers	8	5,000	40,000
Semi-skilled workers	8	4,000	32,000
Unskilled workers	12	3,500	42,000
Peon	2	3,000	6,000
Chowkidar	4	3,000	12,000
Total			1,87,000
+22% perquisites on salary			41,000
Total			2,28,000

Raw Material (per month)

Particular	Qty. (MT)	Rate (Rs.)	Value (Rs.)
Lime stone blocks (including transport charges	1600 M.T.	500	8,00,000
Packing material like gunny bags etc.	L.S.	L.S.	25,000
Total			8,25,000

Utilities (per month)

Particular	Qty. (MT)	Rate (Rs.)	Value (Rs.)
Power	6000 kWH	4.0	24,000
Fuel/Furnace oil	150 KL.	18,000	27,00,000
Water
Total			27,24,000

Other Contingent Expenses (per month)	(Rs.)
Postage and Stationery	5,000
Sales and marketing expenses	41,000
Repair and Maintenance	41,000
Telephone	5,000
Consumable store	5,000
Travelling and Local expenses	25,000
Insurance	30,000
Total	1,52,000

Total Working Capital (per month)	(Rs.)
Staff and Labour	2,28,000
Raw material	8,25,000
Utilities	27,24,000
Other Contingent expenses	1,52,000
Total	39,29,000
Working Capital for 3 months	1,17,87,000

Total Capital Investment

Fixed capital	Rs. 1,87,10,000
Working capital for 3 months	Rs. 1,17,87,000
Total	Rs. 3,04,97,000

Financial Analysis

Cost of Production (per annum)	(Rs.)
Total recurring cost per annum	4,71,48,000
Depreciation on building @ 5%	5,00,000
Dep. on kiln @ 20%	2,00,000
Dep. on machinery and equips. @ 10%	5,69,000
Dep. on tools fixture, dies, racks @ 25%	30,000
Dep. on office furniture and equips. @ 20%	60,000
Interest on total capital investment @ 12%	36,60,000
Total	5,21,67,000

Turnover (per annum)

Particular	Qty. (MT)	Rate (Rs.)	Value (Rs.)
Burnt Lime	16,000	4,174	6,67,91,000

Net Profit (per annum)

Total Turnover – Cost Production Rs. 1,35,36,000 – 1,07,88,428 Rs. 27,47,572

Net Profit (per annum)

Total Turnover – Cost Production Rs. 1,35,36,000 – 1,07,88,428 Rs. 27,47,572

Rate of Return (per annum)

Net Profit × 100 ------------------------------- Total capital investment 1,46,24,000 × 100 ---------------------- 3,04,97,000 47.9%

Break-even Point

Fixed Cost (per annum)	(Rs.)
Total depreciation	13,59,000
40% of Staff and Labour	10,94,000
40% of utilities and Other Contingent expenses (excluding insurance)	1,30,15,000
Insurance	3,60,000
Interest @ 12%	36,60,000
Total	19488000

B.E.P

Fixed Cost × 100 -------------------------- Fixed Cost + Profit 19488000 × 100 ------------------------------- 19488000 + 1,46,24,000 57.1%

 

                      Solar Baking Unit

Description

The solar baking unit is a scaled up version of the double reflector box type solar cooler but designed to generate higher stagnant temperatures suitable for baking purposes. In order to increase the solar radiation entering the hot box, additional reflectors have been incorporated to reduce the cooking time. In this cooker, twin reflector mirrors (unbreakable acrylic mirror) are fixed. It is effective in central and North India especially in winter season. It is useful for cooking food and baking. As compared to the box type solar cooker with one mirror available in the market, the twin reflector solar baking unit is capable of maintaining 25 to 30°C higher temperature. It saves 20% time spent in co()king food drying winter and 12-16% of time during other months. It has thermostat controlled electrical back up of 1 kW capacity so that proper baking can be continued even when there is sudden cloudiness while baking is in progress. It is also suitable as a community cooker for up to 10 persons.

Specifications

Overall Dimensions
Length (mm)	1500
Width (mm)	500
Height (mm)	250
Weight (kg)	29
Cooking capacity	10 persons
Baking capacity (kg/day)	2 in winter and 4 in summer
Time taken in cooking (hrs)	2.0-2.5

Uses

It is used to cook foods and for baking purposes especially during winter in the northern latitudes of India.

For further information please contact

Department of Agriculture & Co-operation
Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India
224, Krishi Bhavan,
New Delhi - 110 001.
Tel: 23070306 (O)

 

Composting and Vermicomposting

Introduction

The biodecomposable wastes such as kitchen wastes, if not properly managed decompose creating an insanitary environment conducive to insect breeding and spreading of diseases. While composting is an age old technology, there are limitations due to the longer time periods required for completion of the process. Use of earthworms for faster degradation of partially composted wastes is termed vermicomposting. The technology involves management of the right species of worms under conditions optimal for the vermicomposting process in a time period of 4 weeks or less.

Special Features

Can be operated at household, community and twonship level.

Prospective Users

Urban and rural households and habitats.

Keywords

Kitchen waste, solid waste composting, earthworms, horticulture

Type of Technology

Process and design

For further information please contact

Managing Director
Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer (FITT)
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, INDIA
Tel : 91-011-26597167, 26857762, 26581013, 26597153
Fax : 91-011-26851169
E-mail : drkdpn@gmail.com

 

       Fuel Pellets from Municipal Waste

Introduction

In about a decade, major Indian cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta will find difficult to dump its daily garbage of more than 5,000 TPD. The existing dumping yards for garbage disposal as land filling would also create enormous pollution and health hazards. The municipal authorities find it expensive to transport and dispose it of scientifically.
The Department of Science & Technology (DST) in collaboration with CMC Limited, initiated a pilot project on Integrated Waste Management (IWM) in Mumbai. The project offers a technological solution for disposal of city garbage and provides an option for making environmentally cleaner metropolis. After going through several technology options and assessing marketability of the product, IWM project opted for pelletisation technology over other processes like incineration, bio-gas and compost production, for dealing with this issue scientifically. Over two years of dedicated efforts, involving a great deal of developmental work, have resulted in the establishment of a technology for pelletising the combustibles separated from the municipal garbage.
A prototype fuel pelletisation plant was engineered and erected at Deonar, Mumbai. The production process has been established at the rate of 2 TPH with fuel pellets of high calorific value, which find easy acceptability to industries such as thermal power plants (for boilers with fixed grate, travelling grate, fluidised bed), multi-fuel package boilers for process steam, foundries, restaurants etc.
The process involves primarily, solar drying, separation of incombustible, size reduction and pelletisation, as shown in the following block diagram



The fuel pellets so produced, are of cylindrical shape catering to a wide variety of end uses. These are hard enough to be transported loose and can be stored like coal.

Characteristics of Fuel Pellets

Size	Dia : 8/20/30 mm, length : 8-40 mm
Calorific Value	3500 Kcal/Kg.
Bulk Density	0.7 MT per cu. M.
Density	1.3 gms./cc
Ash Content	< 15 %
Moisture	10 % (approx.)

The fuel pellets have several distinct advantages over coal/wood like

• Cleaner fuel, free from incombustiles
• Lower ash content
• Low moisture content
• Uniform size
• Eco-friendly
• Regular, trouble free supply and
• Cost-effective

This technology, demonstrated by DST & CMC to produce fuel pellets, is available for commercial exploitation through Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council , an autonomous organization under DST. The plant offered here, an economically viable one, is engineered with indigenous equipment. The plant design would have to be tailored in accordance with the quality and quantity of garbage available in a city.

Plant Highlights

Capacity	100 TPD fuel pellets
Raw garbage input	400-500 TPD
Connected load	600 HP
Land	2-4 acres
Working hours per day	20
Working days per year	250

The problem of coal in respect of availability, quality, higher prices etc. can be overcome by using fuel pellets. A number of such plants are currently operating in USA, UK etc. Various grades of fuel pellets have been test marketed at different industries in India to establish the marketability. These are economical and have tremendous market potential in our country.
Learning from above pilot project, TIFAC and CMC have now embarked on the design & installation of a 1000 TPD fuel pelletisation plant from municipal garbage in Hyderabad.

 

              Safed Musli Agrotechnology

 

Product and its applications

Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau) is a wonder herb which is also known as natural aphrodisiac alternative to Viagra. The dry tuberous roots of the plant are used as tonic for rejuvenating the male reproductive system, impotence, low sperm and in chronic leucorrhoea. In gynaecology, it is reportedly useful during pregnancy as a nutritive tonic for mother and foetus, replenishes lost fluids and improves the quantity and flow of breast milk. Safed Musli is also an ingredient in a number of Ayurvedic & Unani formulations as a restorative for immunity-improvement and remedy for diabetes and arthritis Musli grows naturally in most parts of India under a wide range of temperature and rainfall It can be successfully cultivated as a highly remunerative crop in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra. & the foot hills of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh.

Market Potential

The global demand for Safed Musli has been increasing steadily. It ranks sixth among 28 selected priority medicinal plants, the cultivation and export of which is being actively encouraged by the Government of India, through National Medicinal Plants Board. The demand of Safed Musli is estimated at 35,000 tonnes / annum in India while the present supply / collection is about 5,000 tonnes/ annum.

Basis and Presumption

• The agricultural land and related infrastructure is available with the entrepreneur.
• Prices are calculated as per the prevailing market rates.
• The yields depend on proper implementation of package of practices.
• Economics of cultivation greatly improves on scale of operation.
• This activity provides tax-free high returns. Additionally a number of government support schemes are available. Latest provisions need to be checked up.
• Market for medicinal plants is volatile and economics may vary from time to time.

Agri practices

Land preparation

Safed Musli requires well drained loamy to sandy loam soil rich in organic matter. Warm and humid climatic condition with good amount of soil moisture during the growing season favour luxuriant vegetative growth and facilitate fleshy root development The land is prepared during April - May. Before that soil is subjected to deep ploughing, tilling during March / April. At least 12 trolleys of farm yard manure per hectare are mixed during April/ May. Raised beds are prepared keeping the bed distance at 60 cm and height 25-30 cm. The raised beds are well irrigated before sowing the planting material.

Transplants

It can be propagated through seeds as well as by vegetative means.
Propagation by seeds: The seeds are black in colour and with angular edges. It takes 12-16 days to sprout. The seeds are sown in a well prepared seed bed which is manured by using FYM or leaf litter in the first or second week of June. Adequate moisture should be maintained during absence of rain in early part of the season. The seedlings can be transplanted in the field during the next Kharif season at 30x15 cm spacing because the development of plants as well as roots by means of seeds in the first year is not vigorous enough as compared the vegetatively propagated plants.
Vegetative propagation: The initiation of sprouts of fleshy roots starts during late April to mid May. For the purpose of raising plants in the field, the sprouted seedlings are collected after onset of rains and transplanted in the field. The fleshy roots sprout from second week of May to second week of June. The sprouted fleshy propagules are planted in the field in early June, followed by irrigation. The practice of planting on top of the ridges of 15-20 cm height at a row distance of 30x15 cm is adequate for obtaining commercial yield.

Planting

Safed Musli can easily be intercropped with other crops viz. maize, Amla and sapota to enhance profits from the land. The sowing of Safed Musli starts with the first shower of the monsoon. Two to three fingers are approximately attached to a part of crown. The fingers of tuber planting material are treated with fungicides e.g. Bovestin / Streptocyclin before planting in order to keep free from fungus contamination.

Fertilization

The FYM is essential to meet nutrient requirements for supporting healthy plant growth.

Irrigation

The crop may be sown on outset of rains. If there is no rain after sowing of fleshy root propagules and its transplanting, one irrigation may be provided. Later, when soil moisture recedes in the field, irrigation is required after 10 to 15 days intervals.

Weed control

The cropped area should be kept free of weed. One or two hoeings are needed to keep the soil porous and free of weedy growth

Pest control

Pesticides may be used where necessary to keep Safed Musli crop free from pests

Harvesting

The crop matures in about 90 days after cultivation. On maturity the leaves start yellowing and ultimately dry up from the collar part and fall down. The crop is thus harvested when leaves have dried which occurs during September / October. The bunch of Safed Musli fleshy roots is dug out of soil and washed well with water.

Post harvest operations

Drying

The harvested fleshy roots are cleaned and white musli tubers are spread out in the shade for about 4-7 days for drying to about 20% moisture.

Peeling

The roots are peeled manually with a sharp knife to remove the outer skin. It is a tedious job involving manual labour and substantial expenditure. The peeled dry musli is packed and marketed.

Yield

About 6 tonnes of wet fleshy root per hectare is harvested. After processing and drying, it is reduced to 1.2 t of peeled dry musli (final marketable product) giving an average yield of 20%.

Economics of Safed Musli cultivation per hectare

Particulars	Amount (Rs.)
Compost-12 trolleys @Rs. 900 each	10,800
Land preparation+ bed raising	12,000
Planting material 1 tonne or 1 lakh double tubers @ Rs. 3.50 each	3,50,000
Sowing	8,200
Weeding & pest control	7,000
Irrigation & supervision	9,000
Harvesting	18,000
Peeling	60,000
Packing, transportation & misc.	35,000
Total cost of inputs	5,10,000
Total output (1,000 kg peeled, dry roots @ Rs.1,000 / kg)	10,00,000
Net profit	4,90,000

Addresses of Some Dealers in Medicinal plants/ Planting Material

Tropical Forest Research Institute
Mandla Road, Jabalpur (M.P.)
Cedmap,
60, Jail Road, Jahangirabad,
Bhopal (M.P.)

KRD Musli Farm,10/47,
Station Road, Rau,
Indore-453331 (M.P.)

Mittal Musli Farm and Research Centre,
Jamod, Jalgaon (Maharashtra)
Regional Research Laboratory
Jorhat, (Assam)

Jeevan Herbs & Agro Farms
178,Keshav Ganj,Sagar (M.P.)
SSSBiotic.com

C/o biosourcing.com (P)Ltd.
A-41, Janpath, Ashoknagar
Bhubaneswar (Orissa)
Kasiraj Exports,
37, Santhai Road,
Tuticorin (TN)

A.Y. Agritec Private Limited
16-7-382/18, Azampura Masjid,
Hyderabad (A.P.)

The Entrepreneur Quiz - What Business Should I Start?

Do you have what it takes to succeed in starting a small business? This interactive entrepreneur quiz will help you assess your Entrepreneurship and Business skills.
The first question you should answer when you are thinking of starting a business is "Am I the type?". You will be the most important employee in your small business. It is more important that you rate yourself objectively as the small business owner than how you rate any prospective employee. Appraise your strengths and weaknesses. As a prospective operator of your own small business, acknowledge that you are weak in certain areas and cover the deficiency by either retraining yourself or hiring someone with the necessary skills. The questions in this test indicate to what extent you have the personal traits important to a business proprietor.
Instructions: Read each question and click on one of the suggested answers. Respond by marking the answer that most accurately describes your behavior, feeling or attitude as it actually is, not as you would like it to be, or think it should. You must be absolutely honest with yourself in order to get a valid score.

1. Are You a Self-Starter?

• If someone gets me started, I keep going all right.
• I do things my own way. Nobody needs to tell me to get going.
• Easy does it. I don't put myself out until I have to.

2. How Do You Feel About Other People?

• Most people bug me.
• I like people. I can get along with just about anybody.
• I have enough friends and I don't need anybody else.

3. Can You Lead Others?

• I can get people to do things if I drive them.
• I can get most people to go along with me without much difficulty.
• usually let someone else get things moving.

4. Can You Take Responsibility?

• I'll take over if I have to, but I'd rather let someone else be responsible
• There's always some eager beaver around waiting to show off. I say, let him.
• like to take charge of and see things through.

5. How Good An Organizer Are You?

• like to have a plan before I start. I'm usually the one who lines things up.
• I do all right unless things get too complicated. Then I may cop out.
• I just take things as they come.

6. How Good a Worker Are You?

• I can't see that hard work gets you anywhere.
• I'll work hard for a time, but when I've had enough, that's it.
• can keep going as long as necessary. I don't mind working hard.

7. Can You Make Decisions?

• I can if I have plenty of time. If I have to make up my mind fast, I usually regret it.
• I can make up my mind in a hurry if necessary, and my decision is usually O.K.
• I don't like to be the one who decides things. I'd probably blow it.

8. Can People Trust What You Say?

• I try to be on the level, but sometimes I just say what's easiest.
• They sure can. I don't say things I don't mean.
• What's the sweat if the other fellow doesn't know the difference?

9. Can You Stick With It?

• If I make up my mind to do something, I don't let anything stop me.
• If a job doesn't go right, I turn off. Why beat your brains out?
• I usually finish what I start.

10. Can You Keep Records?

• Records are not important. I know what's need to be known without keeping records.
• I can, but it's more important to get the work out than to shuffle numbers.
• Since they are needed I'll keep records even though I don't want to.

for more details call me---------

           How to Set-Up an Enterprise

              RENJITH C.O ,ASSISTANT DIRECTOR , INDUSTRIES DEPT KERALA

 

 How to Set-Up an Enterprise

Decision to be an Entrepreneur

The overriding reason for anyone to think of establishing a SSI unit can be summarised in one word - opportunity. An opportunity to be your own boss, to provide a product or service, to implement your ideas, which can generate sufficient surplus, is reason to think of starting up a SSI unit.
Starting a small business takes a lot of courage. To be successful - to stay in business - you need a combination of hard work, skill and perseverance.

Choosing your form of Business Organisation

Many first time entrepreneurs do not have a clear perspective of the issues, legal or otherwise, involved in choosing one or the other form of a business. This often results in avoidable mistakes, which later cost time and money to rectify. The options of the form of business with their pros and cons have been explained below. In India setting up a private limited company was the most popular choice among our sample of entrepreneurs.
Franchising is also emerging as a major business format. An extensive overview of its features is provided since it is believed that it will grow the same way in India as it has abroad.

Making a Product Choice

Make a careful analysis of the product or service you are choosing, sometimes in short run, there is a shortage of a particular commodity in the market, you may even come to know you will get almost two weeks in advance to supply fresh stock. Does that mean you can jump into that business. First thing in such a condition is to analyse the situation. Keep in mind that shortages may occur due to a number of reasons and a good entrepreneur always examine the pros and cons before setting up a business. It may tempt you to think that perhaps you have found a good businesses idea. But do not be easily influenced by these temporary shortages. Carefully analyse the future demand-supply position of the product, say for the next 3 to 5 years. Only when you are certain that the shortage will remain there for considerable period of time and you would be able to generate enough profits in the very first or second year of operation and that you can produce quality item within an acceptable pricing, then only you should venture into such a business.

Location of Industry

After deciding the issues of product, the next important question is, where to set up the unit ? For many tiny units and service-based units, the home is perhaps the best starting point. But not all type of SSI can be set up in home either due to size or due to nature of the industry. Then the entrepreneurs may like to locate their business in industrial estates, areas, parks, complexes developed by concerned state government organisation or private bodies or in a privately leased land subject to approvals by various state and municipal bodies.
State level Government agencies like DSIDC, HPSIDC, GIDC, TIDCO, UPSIDC assist entrepreneurs in identifying suitable locations/sites for the project, besides helping in the process of getting all the necessary clearances for the project.

Preparation of Business Plan

A Business Plan is an document where you plan your Business to have an organized and effective response to a situation which may arise in future. Business plan is not just for a start up company but also for those, which are growing. It can be used it to establish realistic goals or targets to achieve and to determine the current position.
Start a business plan with describing your business and product or services. Tell about the market you are targeting and the stage of development your company.

Sourcing Process, Raw Materials, Machineries and Equipments

Choices of process technology emerge once the product is finalised. For some complex products, process know-how has to be imported. In such cases agreements for technology transfer should be made with due care to safeguard interest. A lot of appropriate technology is being developed at CSIR and Defence Research Labs and some of these technologies can now be bought. There are some intermediaries like APCTT, TBSE, which can help you to locate the relevant technologies. Besides there are some In-house R & D centres of companies, which develop technologies and sell them to interested parties. Indigenously developed process know-how has intrinsic benefits such as appropriateness, relative inexpensiveness and possibility to work with technology developer.

Infrastructure - Land & Building, Water and Power Supply

Once an industrial plot for the unit is secured, then the next job is that of finding a suitable architect to design the outlay of area and factory. Design of factory building has to be in consonance with the type of industry. Have an appropriate plant layout. If you are setting business in home, plan the area, which is to be used as your production centre or office judiciously. You may like to take help of a professional to ensure that the area is utilised optimally.
An architect's estimate of building construction is essential for loan applications. Further, architect's certificate for money spent on building is needed for disbursement of loan.

Legal Aspects

Few simple steps to take care of legal aspects of setting business are to Register your unit with relevant organisation, check out the labour laws that would be applicable to you, pay your commercial taxes and taking care of environmental aspects. Each of these aspects is discussed in details.

Finance and Working Capital to Start Business

To start and set up their business all SSI units need monetary support. Before seeking fund estimate the cost including that of working capital required for a minimum of 6-8 months and always keep a provision for buffer. you can take help of an CA or concerned officials in Entrepreneurship Development Institutes to work out the total financial cost of your project. Decide the form in which you are going to raise the capital i.e. should it be equity finance, debt finance, loans or a combination of these.

Human Resource

Human Resource is an important element to be kept in consideration while setting up an business. Though, projections for manpower and staffing are made in the project report, however it is necessary to time the induction of manpower in a planned manner. For example: The engineers and operatives must be available before the installation of the machinery. While planning for manpower following points should be kept in consideration.

Production

Today's competitive market, it is difficult to maintain stable relationships with suppliers, customers, brokers, distributors, and even your own company personnel. Competitors are stealing your best customers. To maintain the edge entrepreneurs need to synchronies their production process, capacity, and delivery schedule.
Plan out your work area keeping in mind the requirement of your business. More often than not the area available to small businesses is limited and within that area all the work needs to be carried out, right from storing the raw materials to the final product. The space for each of these should be clearly chalked out.

Pricing

In India, price is often affected by excise duty, sales tax and local taxes like octroi, thereby making it difficult to maintain a uniform price throughout the country. You may opt for any of the following policies or modify and combine them depending upon your objective or you can have your own pricing policy.

Marketing

Marketing is an important tool to be used while setting up your business. Study, but don't necessarily copy your competitor's moves. Visit their businesses, watch their ads, figure out their strategies, and keep your eyes open. You may not be able to keep up with your competitor's strategy move by move. You should, however, be ready and able to blunt or block the impact of their moves through effective marketing. Then, later, you can make your own offensive move at your own pace.

Paying Back Loans and Profit Generation

Manage your cash Flow to pay back your loans, debts or credits. A healthy cash flow is an essential part of any successful business. If you fail to have enough cash to pay your suppliers, creditors, or your employees, chances are you will be out of business very soon. You should pay back the loans so that when you need loans in future, you get one. You can pay the loans or debts as per terms and conditions initially agreed upon, if you can't pay in time inform the creditor, ask for an extension stating the reasons. Proper management of your cash flow will ensure the same and is a very important step in making business successful.

Modenisation and Protection from Sickness

Once you have started the production most important aim for long run should be to remain at the forefront of business and avoid being obsolete in terms of products, services or management aspect. Listen and gauge the market, anticipate the future demands. There are many market survey document or market reports published by individual agencies and government departments on this aspect. An entrepreneur can use these as indicative guide to project the future conditions.
In face of competitive environment entrepreneur should keep abreast of process and technological changes that are taking place and wherever possible incorporate the changes which could increase the productivity, efficiency and /or reduce the cost of production.

Feedback and Reporting

Have a suitable feedback mechanism in place to learn from experiences, to gain an insight into what is actually happening in your business, if you don't have one develop a suitable mechanism, which suits your necessities. Think of your experiences, when you wanted to know from others how you were performing your jobs or chores or tried to find out how you performed in your a particular assignment

  BUSINESS PLAN, IDEAS, SMALL SCALE   INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING PLANTS, COMPLETE DETAILED PROJECTS REPORTS

market potential of packaged drinking water in india (kerala)

Water Industry (Distilled water, Packaged Drinking water, Hydropower, Ice, Mineral water, Safe water, Spring water, Wastewater, Water purification, Water resources, Water tank, Water treatment Chemical, Water Softner, Filter)

                          Water is a key to social equity to environmental stability and to cultural diversity. Water is also firmly linked with health. Pure and safe drinking water has always been a necessity. The tradition and style of serving drinking water, in India, has however changed quite dramatically during the last decade. Almost a decade ago, the introduction of bottled water or “packaged mineral water” has changed the tradition of serving and consuming drinking water. This has ushered in very strongly, the use of polymers or plastics as materials for water storage and distribution.

The categories of bottled water in India are Packaged Natural Mineral Water and Packaged Drinking Water .Bottled water industry,colloquially called,the mineral water industry,is a symbol of new life style emerging in India. The packaged drinking water in India, which is estimated at Rs.850 crores with over 200 brands floating in the market, most of which have restricted territorial distribution. This is a growing market in India as quality consciousness among the consumers is on the rise. The bottled water market is growing at a rapid rate of around 20%.At this growth rate, the Rs 7000million per year market is estimated to overtake the soft drinks market soon. Multinationals, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Nestle and others are trying to grab a significant share of the market. There are more than 180 brands in the unorganized sector. The small players account for nearly 19% of the total market. The per capita consumption of bottled water in India is less than half a litre per year, compared to 111 litres in France and 45 litres in the US. These points to the future potential beyond the high growth.

Major Players with their brands include Parle Export which introduced Bisleri in India 25 years ago, Parle Agro with Bailley, Godrej Foods with its Golden Valley, Coca-Cola with Kinley, PepsiCo with Aquafina, Nestle India with Perrier, Mohan Meakins and SKN Breweries entered the market with Golden Eagle and Penguin mineral water, respectively.Nonetheless,Bisleri and Bailley,both of Parle Origin ,enjoy about 50% market share and has become almost generic with the product. The premium bottled water market in India has brands like Evian,San Pelligrino,Perrier.

In the market for water purifiers,while Aquaguard from Eureka Forbes,remains the market leader,several others have made it to the market place.Usha Shriram with its Brita water Purifier already established,has launched India’s first digital water purifier-the waterguard Digital in collaboration with Brita GmbH of Germany. HLL has also forayed into the water business,with its water purifier device called Pure.

water Purifiers (residential segment) are growing at 22-25% annually. A high growth rate indicates  a good future potential in these sectors. It is a Rs 5 to 6 billion industry,with Aquaguard cornering more than 50% of the market. The rest is divided among Kent RO,Pentair,Ion Exchange and Others.

PROJECTS TO START IN WAYANADU DISTRICT

1. INSTANT COFFEE

1.Introduction

           Instant Coffee is used extensively as a beverages and is employed also as flavouring material. Brooke Bond India Limitted, and Food Specialities Ltd are the key manufactures of Instant Coffee.

2. Market

Coffee is the national drink and is consumed by all at any time . instant coffee is made by adding waterand sugar to it so it have high market.

3) process

Coffee is powdered and mixed with sugar.

4)land

Minimum area required 1000-1500 sq Ft

5)Raw material and utilities

Coffee and sugar

6) plant and machinery

Sl. no	Item	Amount
1	Peeling Machine	25 Lakhs
2	Powdering Machine	50 Lakhs
3	Boilers	50 Lakhs
4	Filters	25 Lakhs
5	Packaging Machine	25 Lakhs
	Total	175 Lakhs

7)man power required

Manager -1

Supervisor-1

Workers -10

8)

1. A)   Working Capital Requirement for One Month

aSalary and wages

b.Raw material                                                                180 Lakhs

c.Utilities Contingencies and other Exp.

9)Total Project Cost

Total Fixed Capital                                                                  175 Lakhs

Total Working Capital                                                             180 Lakhs

                                    Total Cost of Project                                    355 Lakhs

10)

Net profit-45%

Break even point-45%

DSCR-2.3

11) CONCLUSION

This project is got high potential in wayanadu district due vast coffee plantations here. 

2.CURCUMIN FROM TURMERIC

1.Introduction

           Turmeric is native to India. Turmeric is a very important spices in India. The proposed project envisions setting up of processing Curcumin from Turmeric

1.     Market

Turmeric is native to Asia and India. It is very important spice in India, which produces nearly the whole worlds crop and used 80% of it. It has been used in Indian systems of medicine for a long time. Turmeric is a very unique and versatile natural plant product combining the properties of a spice of flavourant, a colourant of brilliant yellow dye, cosmetic and a drug. Curcumin also protects the liver from a number of toxic compounds. It has several medicinal properties like stomachic, carnivative, tonic, blood purifier, vermicide and antiseptic. According to recently larger use of curcumin in the pharmaceutical and food industries, it is observed that few private companies are engaged in the manufacturing of curcumin. About more than 70% of our products are exported to European countries. As a whole it can be concluded that there is good export demand of it. There is good scope for new entrepreneurs

3.process

In liquid solid extraction, a solvent is added to a solid, such as a turmeric root. As the website DSB science explains, insoluble material is separated by gravity or vacuum filtration, and soluble material, in this case curcumin, is "extracted" in the solvent. A sequence of solvents can be used to separate complex mixtures into separate groups. The filtered solution can then be used as a liquid or the solvent can be evaporated to recover the extracted material in powder or crystalline form.

4.land-2000 sq ft

Building-1500 sq ft

5.raw material

Turmeric

6.plant and machinery

Sl. no	Item	Rate	Amount
1	Storage Tanks	25 Lakhs	106 Lkhs
2	Extractors	32 Lakhs
3	Solvent System	45 Lakhs

7. )  Working Capital Requirement for One Month

                                          i.    Salary and wages                                                           1,50,000

                                         ii.    Raw material                                                                 59,00,000

                                        iii.    Utilities Contingencies and other Exp.                            1,00,000

8) Total Project Cost

Total Fixed Capital                                                                 106,00,000

Total Working Capital                                                               61,50,000

                                                Total Cost of Project                                  167,50,000

9) Man power requirement

                                         Manager -1

                             Supervisor-2

                              Workers -25

10) Financial indicators

BEP-45%

DSCR-2.5:1

 11.CONCLUSION

This project is got high potential in wayanadu district due to high turmeric cultivation and marketability.